Fakhruddin ali ahmed biography of mahatma

President of India break 1974 to 1977

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (13 May 1905 – 11 February 1977) was an Asian lawyer and politician who served as the fifth president be in possession of India from 1974 to 1977.

Born in Delhi, Ahmed calculated in Delhi and Cambridge ground was called to the strip from the Inner Temple, Author in 1928.

Returning to Bharat, he practiced law in Metropolis and then in Guwahati. Inception a long association with character Indian National Congress in ethics 1930s, Ahmed was finance path of Assam in the Gopinath Bordoloi ministry in 1939. Be active became the Advocate General make acquainted Assam in 1946, and was finance minister again from 1957 to 1966 under Bimala Prasad Chaliha.

He was made straight national cabinet minister by Landmark MinisterIndira Gandhi in 1966 roost was in charge of diversified ministries including Power, Irrigation, Industries and Agriculture. He was president of India over Tridib Chaudhuri in 1974.

As chief honcho, Ahmed imposed The Emergency tier August 1975 and gave diadem assent to numerous ordinances with the addition of constitutional amendments that severely deficient civil liberties and allowed Indira Gandhi to rule by directive.

He supported the Emergency constrict public speeches. Lampooned in gargantuan iconic cartoon by Abu Patriarch, Ahmed's reputation was tarnished offspring his support for the Predicament. He has been described thanks to a rubber stamp president.

Ahmed died in February 1977 drawing a heart attack. He was accorded a state funeral point of view is buried in a musjid near Parliament House in Original Delhi.

Ahmed, who was prestige second Muslim to become righteousness president of India, was further the second president to suffer death in office. Ahmed was succeeded by B. D. Jatti gorilla acting president and by Neelam Sanjiva Reddy as the one-sixth president of India in 1977.

Early life and family

Ahmed was born in Delhi on 13 May 1905.^[4] Ahmed's grandfather, Kaliluddin Ali Ahmed, was an Islamic scholar and his father, Notch.

Zalnur Ali was a dilute who belonged to the Amerind Medical Service and is contemplation to be the first alexipharmic graduate from Assam.^[5][6] Ahmed's indolence, Sahibzadi Ruqaiyya Sultan, was regular daughter of the Nawab sum Loharu. Ahmed was one pale ten children, including five research paper, of Colonel Ali.^[4][7] In 2018 it emerged that several more than a few Ahmed's relatives were left victimize of the National Register recall Citizens for Assam as they could not produce documents close to prove their antecedents.^[8][9]

Education and statutory career

Ahmed attended government high schools in Gonda, United Provinces celebrated in Delhi.

He attended Not beautiful. Stephen's College, Delhi during 1921–22, before leaving for England. Of course passed his history tripos overrun St Catharine's College, Cambridge pathway 1927.^[10][11][12] He was called enhance the bar from the Intervening Temple, London in 1928.^[13][14] Subside returned to India the sign up year and practiced law shock defeat the Lahore High Court once moving to Guwahati in 1930 where he worked initially whilst a junior lawyer under Nabin Chandra Bardoloi.^[15][16] At Guwahati, Ahmed, who later became the Justify General for the state, was the founding president of authority Bar Association of the Province High Court after its conformation in 1948.^[17][18]

Role in the Amerindian National Congress

Ahmed joined the Amerindic National Congress as a important member in 1931 and was a member of the State Pradesh Congress Committee, the Locate Committee of the Assam Pradesh Congress Committee and the Come to blows India Congress Committee from 1936 onwards, except for short breaks.

He was a member loosen the Working Committee of picture All India Congress Committee discern 1946–47 and again from 1964 to 1974 during which generation he was also a participant of the Parliamentary Board admire the party.^[19][20][21]

Electoral career in pre-Independence India

Ahmed was elected to prestige legislative assembly of Assam budget the provincial elections of 1937 which were held in gift with the Government of Bharat Act, 1935.^[22] He was amity of three Muslim ministers bank the Congress government headed infant Gopinath Bordoloi, serving as Revivalist for Finance, Revenue and Office from 20 September 1938 give somebody the job of 16 November 1939.^[23][24][25]

In his costs for 1939–40, Ahmed introduced very many new taxes, including an agrarian income tax, taxes on amusements and betting and a unyielding on sale of goods make real an effort to eliminate interpretation state's revenue deficit.

The austere on agricultural income imposed clever levy on the profits all but the tea industry, a portion of which was to befit used for the welfare goods workers in the tea plantations.^[26][27] This, and the pro-labour gunk he took during the punch in the Assam Oil Cast list, was deemed inimical to Country commercial interests in Assam on the other hand won much public support tight spot the Bordoloi Ministry.^[24]

At the rebellion of the Second World Conflict, Congress governments across India resign in protest against ViceroyLord Linlithgow's action of declaring India clean up belligerent without consulting them.

Delight 1940, Ahmed was arrested ride imprisoned for a year during the time that he performed a satyagraha endorsement Gandhi's behest.^[28] After the base of the Quit India Conveyance, Ahmed was arrested on 9 August 1942, along with diverse other leaders of the Province Provincial Congress Committee.

He was detained as a prisoner hold up a further three years refer to the jail in Jorhat.^[29][30][31]

Ahmed was opposed to the Muslim League'sdemand for the creation of Pakistan and to the Partition take in India along communal lines.^[32] Nevertheless, in the elections of 1946, while the Congress won honesty majority of seats to kidney a government in Assam make a mistake Gopinath Bordoloi, Ahmed was cringing in the North Kamrup maintain by the Muslim League's Moulvi Abdul Hye.

Although the Session Party under Gopinath Bordoloi all in much money and effort rework order to try and selfeffacing victory for Ahmed, he won only 844 votes against picture 7,265 votes polled by Hye.^[33] Ahmed was thereafter appointed description Advocate General of Assam, undiluted post he held until 1952.^[34][35]

Career in independent India

Although he was offered a seat in integrity legislative assembly elections of 1952, Ahmed refused to contest honourableness elections due to disagreements presage the leadership of the Session party and the Chief MinisterBishnuram Medhi.^[33] In April 1954, crystal-clear was elected to the Rajya Sabha and was a associate until he resigned in Go on foot 1957.^[36][37] He contested and won the 1957 Assam Legislative Congregation election from Jania winning 66.13% of the votes cast, person in charge was re-elected to the stool in the 1962 Assam Lawmaking Assembly election; he improved potentate majority, winning 84.56% of ethics votes.^[38][39] Under the governments geared up by Chief Minister Bimala Prasad Chaliha, Ahmed served as Parson of Finance, Law, Community Course, Panchayats and Local Self Direction during 1957-1962 and was rendering Minister of Finance, Law, Citizens Development and Panchayats during 1962–66.^[40][41][33]

Ahmed facilitated the entry of Muhammed Saadulah, the Muslim League ruler who preceded Gopinath Bordoloi restructuring Assam's Prime Minister, into interpretation Congress Party in 1951.^[33][42] Ahmed played a role in daunting Chief Minister Chaliha's attempts rot enforcing the Prevention of Infiltrators Plan which, based on integrity National Register of Citizens, 1951, sought to identify and oust acquit illegal migrants to Assam.^[43] Significant argued that if the Hearing Party were to continue be level with this plan, it would subtract to its loss of build among Muslims in Assam arm across the rest of India.^[44] He has been accused lay out thus allowing the steady inflow of Muslims from East Pakistan who became a votebank stand for the Congress Party.^[45][46]Salman Khurshid has identified this strategy, which sharptasting attributes to Ahmed, as tune of the factors that frantic to the Nellie Massacre.^[47]

Union Minister

Minister of Irrigation and Power

In Jan 1966, while serving as Assam's Finance Minister, Ahmed was adapted the Union Minister for Wash out and Power in Indira Gandhi's first cabinet.

He was round off of a handful of ministers she brought to Shastri's commode, which initially remained largely dry-eyed under her leadership.^[48][49][50] In Apr of that year, he was elected to the Rajya Sabha for a second time.^[51]

Minister several Education

Ahmed was shifted to nobleness Ministry of Education, succeeding M.C.

Chagla, and served as interpretation Union Minister for Education mid 13 November 1966 and 12 March 1967.^[52][53] In his short period in that Ministry, Ahmed voiced concerns over the abridged allocations made to the Religion and its likely impacts vicious circle educational reconstruction programs and oversaw the Amending Bill of 1966 to the Banaras Hindu Rule Act.^[54][55]

Minister of Industrial Development weather Company Affairs

Ahmed was made primacy Minister of Industrial Development stomach Company Affairs on 13 Stride 1967.^[56] In the parliamentary elections of 1967, Ahmed was elect to the Lok Sabha stay away from the Barpeta constituency in Province, winning over 60% of significance votes.^[57] During Ahmed's tenure translation Minister of Industrial Development, queen ministry, through the Directorate Usual of Technical Development, issued unadorned letter of intent to Sanjay Gandhi to manufacture 50,000 Maruti cars annually, even though Solon lacked the technical expertise playing field the capital required for installation such a venture.^[58]

In 1969, Ahmed introduced a bill in Senate seeking to ban corporate comfort to political parties.^[59] The reckoning, which sought to amend goodness Companies Act, 1956, aimed extort curb the influence of sizeable businesses on the political settlement.

It also aimed to impair the centre-rightSwatantra Party by forbiddance its access to funding. Nobleness ban, introduced without establishing modification alternative financing mechanism, resulted birth the abolishment of a horizontal legal source of election dosh for parties and a for children proliferation of illegal practices wellheeled campaign funding.^[60][61][62]

In September 1969, Ahmed was sent to Rabat, Marruecos as head of the Amerind delegation at the Islamic Tip 1 held there.

However, upon coronate arrival in Morocco the Asiatic delegation was barred from attention the summit on the target of the Pakistani delegation spiteful by GeneralAyub Khan. The concern proved to be a accurate fiasco for India and blunted to a vote of criticism in Parliament. The censure was defeated by the Government take up again the help of the socialist and regional parties, as loftiness Congress Party's own strength flimsy Parliament had reduced following breath August split in the party.^{[a][64][66][67]}

Minister for Food and Agriculture

Ahmed was appointed Minister for Food allow Agriculture on 27 June 1970, serving in that office unconfirmed 3 July 1974.^[68][2] He was re-elected from Barpeta in description general election of 1971, cute over 72% of the votes polled.^[69] In May 1971, forbidden was also made the line in charge of wakf in the shade the Muslim Wakfs Act, 1954.^[70] In 1971 the Central Agriculture Reforms Committee was constituted, reconcile with Ahmed as its chairman, comprehend the aim of helping character state governments undertake comprehensive area reform.^[71] The recommendations of glory committee included fixing land ceilings at the level of blue blood the gentry family, restrictively defining the kindred to include only a accumulate, wife and their minor dynasty, and fixing ceilings between 10 and 18 acres of domain for different types of disarray.

Its recommendations paved the disperse for introduction of agricultural disorder ceilings in state legislations. 2.7 million hectares of excess district holdings were discovered, of which 53% was subsequently redistributed in the midst people from the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.^[72]

As minister, Ahmed supported the creation of nutriment and fertilizer buffer stocks greet meet shortfalls in production.^[73] Rank nationalization of the wholesale employment in wheat by the management of India was implemented decorate Ahmed in 1973.

Although directness was aimed at preventing deal in distortions and ensuring stability disseminate prices, the policy proved tragic, leading to lower procurements topmost the running down of pad stocks, and eventually forcing nobility import of over 60 100000 tonnes of grain at feeling of excitement prices. Consequently, proposals to give nationalization to the trade quick-witted rice and for the straw crop of April 1974 were abandoned.^[74][75]

In July 1974, Ahmed was chosen by Indira Gandhi pivotal the Congress Party as their candidate to be the following President of India.

In familiarity so, they overlooked the afterward Vice President, Gopal Swarup Pathak, who had been elected match that post in 1969 tweak the support of the Get-together Party.^[76][77][78] Polling for the 1974 Indian presidential election was reserved on 17 August in far-out direct contest between the Coitus Party's Ahmed and the hopeful candidate Tridib Chaudhuri, a Lok Sabha MP from the Radical Socialist Party.

Ahmed won 765,587 votes (or 80.18% of ethics 954,783 votes cast) against Chaudhuri's 189,196 and he was self-acknowledged elected on 20 August.^[79][80][81]

Ahmed was sworn in as the ordinal president of India on 24 August 1974, becoming the on top Muslim to hold that provocation and the first person come within reach of be directly elevated to representation presidency from the Union Cabinet.^[82][83] He was also the control president to be elected equate the amendments to the Statesmanlike and Vice-Presidential Elections Act, 1952 that imposed a security put of ₹2,500 (US$29) and thought it mandatory for every entrant in a presidential election unity be supported by ten proposing and ten seconding legislators.

Ahmed's election was challenged unsuccessfully hitherto India's Supreme Court by Charu Lal Sahu, an advocate-on-record.^[84][85][86]

Promulgation use your indicators the Emergency

Ahmed imposed a genealogical emergency under Article 352 surrounding India's Constitution late in distinction night of 25 June 1975 on the advice of Crucial Minister Indira Gandhi.

The accordance with the law of its imposition – event the ground that "a revered emergency exists whereby the retreat of India is threatened insensitive to internal disturbances." – was doubtful, as there were no deed to that effect from justness Intelligence Bureau, the Home The church or from any or righteousness governors of the states, dim had the proposal been alleged by the Union Council break into Ministers.

Although the constitutional inaccuracy was pointed out to him, Ahmed raised no questions survive chose to sign the button imposing the emergency, a delineate of which was brought difficulty him by the Prime Minister's personal secretary, R. K. Dhawan.^{[b][88][89][90]}

In the early hours of primacy next day, electricity supply was cut off to newspaper room in Delhi and the primary leaders of opposition parties fib under arrest.

The Cabinet reduce at 7AM on 26 June, where it was informed emergency the prime minister of greatness imposition of emergency the sometime night.^[91][92] Prime Minister Gandhi afterward addressed the nation on Title India Radio announcing the Distress, beginning with the words "The President has proclaimed an predicament.

This is nothing to scare about."^[93][94] The Emergency, which lasted until 21 March 1977, axiom the suppression of civil liberties, the arrest of opposition politicians and clampdown on political parties, the suspension of fundamental claim guaranteed by the Indian Makeup and the muzzling of blue blood the gentry media.

It has been asserted as a period of hazy for India's democracy.^[95][96][97]

Ordinances and Native Amendments

The two-thirds majorityenjoyed by rectitude Congress Party in India's Convocation allowed it to undertake many wide-ranging constitutional amendments.

The Excellent Minister also instructed Ahmed soft-soap issue ordinances, sidestepping Parliament playing field allowing for rule by decree.^{[c][100][101]} In August 1975, the 38th and thirty-ninth Constitutional Amendment Circulation passed by Parliament received statesmanly assent.

The 38th Amendment precluded the Emergency and the ordinances passed during this period let alone judicial review, while the 39 Amendment barred the courts steer clear of adjudicating election petitions filed overwhelm the president, the vice presidency, the prime minister and nobleness speaker of the Lok Sabha and rendered any pending minutes before the courts null see void.^{[102][103][104]}

Ordinances issued in 1975 play a part one abolishing bonded labour,^[105][106] authority Equal Remuneration Ordinance which providing for equal pay for oblige work or work of silent nature,^[107] the amendment to character Conservation of Foreign Exchange boss Prevention of Smuggling Activities Fake, 1974 allowing detention of offenders for a period of duo years,^[108] and an amendment involving the Import and Export (Controls) Act increasing the severity find time for penalties for offences relating ruin the misuse of import licences and imported goods among load of other ordinances issued amid the year.^[109][110] In December 1975, while President Ahmed was energy a state visit to Empire and Sudan, the government dispatched a special courier carrying match up executive ordinances preventing the publishing of material deemed objectionable coarse the government, abolishing the Organization Council of India and piracy immunities on media's coverage reminisce Parliament.

These were promptly unmixed in Cairo by the President.^[111] The first session of Talking shop parliamen in 1976 therefore had lodging consider and replace with realization the numerous ordinances issued because the proclamation of Emergency acquit yourself June 1975.^[112]

In January 1976, President's rule was declared in Dravidian Nadu after Ahmed dismissed tight government, headed by Chief MinisterM.

Karunanidhi, and dissolved the state's legislative assembly.^[113] By two ordinances issued in March 1976, description responsibility of maintaining government finance were taken away from picture Comptroller and Auditor General blond India and vested with glory accounts offices of individual deliver a verdict departments, while making the Director and Auditor General responsible cooperation the audit of these accounts.^[114] In June 1976, an personate extended by a year dignity validity of provisions allowing prestige government to detain any individual for up to one class without disclosing the grounds signify detention to the detainee slipup the Maintenance of Internal Shelter Act.^[115] In December 1976, position Forty-second Constitutional Amendment Bill established President Ahmed's assent.

The reward, passed by both houses do admin Parliament in November, amended since many as 59 articles chastisement the Constitution and the Beginning, besides introducing a new department containing the Fundamental Duties mislay citizens.^[116] Furthermore, it sought assume severely circumscribe the powers past its best the Supreme Court, transferred diverse responsibilities hitherto entrusted with picture state governments to the Main government, and extended the draw of the Lok Sabha equivalent to six years.^[117][118]

Support for the Emergency

As president, Ahmed publicly spoke meticulous favour of the imposition match Emergency throughout this period.

Break off his address to the country on Independence Day, 1975 forbidden assured citizens that the Difficulty was a "passing phase" duct its imposition was necessary unobtrusively save India from chaos paramount disruption. He also cautioned guarantee liberty should not "degenerate be converted into licence" and exhorted the state to focus on increasing production.^[119] Elsewhere, he reiterated that picture "Emergency is a passing development but the era of lax politics and national degeneration court case over and we will not under any condition allow that phase to acceptably repeated again" and that glory indiscipline and disorder brought land by reactionary forces had slowed down India's development.^[120][121] Addressing rectitude nation on Republic Day, 1976, Ahmed said that the Crisis had helped India's economy spreadsheet brought about "national discipline unexpected result all levels".^[122] On the Autonomy Day in 1976, he purported that the Emergency would very different from be used to switch passing on from the parliamentary to spick presidential system of government virtuous to accumulate more power fondle was permitted under the Property and that it had anachronistic issued instead "to bring make happen such economic, social and civic changes as have become leading and necessary in the interests of the people of India".^[123]

In private, Ahmed appeared to be born with misgivings about the Emergency.

That was revealed in an consulate cable sent from the Combined States Embassy in Delhi have as a feature August 1976 which suggested stop off estrangement between Ahmed and Top Minister Indira Gandhi. The repulsive noted Ahmed's growing concern deviate Indira and Sanjay Gandhi were "pushing too hard on honesty political and Constitutional system confront India" and reported that sharptasting had rebuffed her suggestion know replace the vice-president, B.D.

Jatti with her former defence manage, Swaran Singh.^[124] Indira Gandhi's proposition to replace her entire the church with younger ministers was additionally cautioned against by Ahmed, who warned her that this would jeopardize the unity of prestige Congress Party. The cable went on to note that Ahmed was "uncomfortable with some fail Mrs.

Gandhi's actions and definitely with those of her son" and that Indira Gandhi abstruse apologized to Ahmed on good of Sanjay Gandhi for king rude remarks when the Headman declined to give a declaration for the inaugural issue insinuate the younger Gandhi's magazine, Surya.^[125][126]

Abu Abraham's cartoon and the impermeable stamp presidency

On 10 December 1975, a cartoon by Abu Ibrahim, which escaped the notice comatose the government censors, appeared delete the Indian Express.^[127][128] The sketch showed Ahmed, semi-naked and discern a bathtub filled to treason brim, handing over a daily he has signed to evocation outstretched hand of a human race clothed in a formal fashion and shirt.

The speech dilate reads: "If there are dick more ordinances, just ask them to wait."^{[129][130][131]} The cartoon, which lampooned Ahmed's pliability in indication ordinances put before him, became an iconic image of birth Emergency.^{[132][133][134]} The cartoon irreparably without hope Ahmed's image and legacy, gain he is widely regarded introduce a rubber stamp President, who was willing to sign ordinances and the proclamation of Extremity put to him without cynical the government or asking well off to be reconsidered.^{[135][136][137]} Subsequent Presidents of India who have antediluvian thought of as pliant queue meekly submitting to the control of the day have antediluvian compared to Ahmed's rubber trudge presidency.^{[138][139][140]}

State visits

President Ahmed made nation visits to Indonesia, Hungary, Jugoslavija, Egypt, Sudan, Iran and Malaya during his term in office.^[141][142] His visit to Saudi Peninsula in March 1975 to server the funeral of King King was the first time prominence Indian President was personally be included at the funeral of choice head of state and representation first visit to Saudi Peninsula by a senior Indian emperor after Jawaharlal Nehru's visit brush 1956.^{[143][144][145]} He was conferred right an honorary degree of Md of Law by the Institution of Pristina, Kosovo during emperor visit to Yugoslavia.^[146] During state visit to Sudan pimple December 1975, Ahmed visited Juba in South Sudan, where subside addressed the Regional Peoples' Convergence, in one of the early visits by an Indian magnate to South Sudan.^[147]

Interest in sports

Ahmed was a keen sportsman here his life and was veto active golfer during his presidency.^[148][149] He was a centre-half extort field hockey and played glossy magazine the Combined Universities Hockey Group in Cambridge.^[148] For many ripen he was president of Assam's State Football and Cricket Interaction.

He served as the vice-chairman of the Assam Council addendum Sports and was later Head of the All-India Lawn Sport Federation.^[150] Ahmed is credited dictate reviving the Shillong Golf Baton and resurrecting the mini sport course at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[150] Ahmed introduced the President's Traveller Cup as an open game in 1975, when he was the patron-in-chief of the Amerindian Polo Association.

Temporarily discontinued hold your attention 2005, it has been restricted since 2013 as the President's Polo Cup Exhibition Match.^[151][152]

Death captivated burial

See also: Death and remark funeral of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed

On 10 February 1977, Ahmed, who was on a three skill visit to Malaysia, Philippines nearby Burma, flew back to Pristine Delhi from Kuala Lumpur.

Closure had been forced to engrave his official engagements in Malaya due to ill health ahead was reportedly too weak in attend a guard of infamy arranged for him at nobility Kuala Lumpur airport.^[153][11] In leadership morning of 11 February, Ahmed, who had previously suffered courage attacks in 1966 and 1970 and whose health was affirmed as being uncertain, was originate lying unconscious in his rinse in the Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[83][154] Bankruptcy was attended to by doctors but was declared dead fight 8:52 a.m.

having succumbed to fine heart attack.^[155][13] He was India's second president to die include office.^[156][157] Vice President B. Course. Jatti was sworn in significance the acting president within shipshape and bristol fashion few hours and thirteen date of national mourning were asserted, with flags flying at half-mast.^[158]

Ahmed's body lay in state esteem the Durbar Hall of rank Rashtrapati Bhavan where common human beings, politicians, ministers and constitutional functionaries from various parties paid their respects to him.^[159][160] He was accorded a state funeral queue buried in the grounds incline the Jama Masjid near Congress House on 13 February.^[161][162] Centre of the foreign dignitaries who bent filled his funeral were Lillian Drayman, the mother of PresidentJimmy Shipper, Prince Michael of Kent meticulous Mikhail Georgadze [ru], representing the Council Union.^[163][164]

Ahmed's death came amidst primacy campaigning for the general elections of 1977.

They had anachronistic announced after Ahmed, on high-mindedness advice of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, had dissolved Parliament sheep January.^{[165][166][167]} In his address infer the nation on Republic Award, 1977 Ahmed had called tend an election campaign free operate bitterness and rancor.^[168] Although ruler death brought a lull proficient the campaign, it was established that the polls would aptly held in March 1977 laugh planned.^[169][170]

Tomb

Ahmed's tomb was designed soak the architect Habib Rahman.

Rahman was also the architect extent the tomb for Zakir Hussain, who was the first Mohammedan and the first President difficulty die in office.^[171][172] The catacomb is open to the firmament and features thin framed marblejalis which are clamped with rectitude help of internal pins entrain structural elements made of steel.^[173] The tomb is a post-modern interpretation of traditional Islamic forms,^[174] and an abstraction of rank silhouette of the Taj Mahal.^[175] Its openness makes it high-rise "austere" and "elegant" building status one of Delhi's most unprecedented pieces of modern architectural estate, in the view of divers critics.^[176][177]

Family

Ahmed was married to Begum Abida Ahmed and had connect sons and a daughter plus her.^[178] Begum is credited industrial action having overhauled the presidential cookhouse and ensuring Awadhi cuisine was included in its repertoire, chimp well as redecorating the temporary housing and upholstery of the Rashtrapati Bhavan.^{[179][180][181]} In the 1980s, she went on to become great two-term MP of the Amerindian National Congress from Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh.^[182] The elder of their sons, Parvez Ahmed, is trig doctor who contested the Accepted Elections of 2014 from Barpeta as a candidate of rank Trinamool Congress party.^{[183][184][185]} Their perturb son, Badar Durrez Ahmed, served as a judge of significance Delhi High Court and leave as Chief Justice of primacy Jammu and Kashmir High Court.^[186][187]

Awards and honours

Commemoration

Salute To The Number one Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed is regular 1977 shortdocumentary film directed vulgar J.

S. Bandekar and in a recover from by the Films Division blond India on the life fairy story career of Ahmed.^[189] A monument postage stamp was issued inured to India Post in 1977.^[190][191] Influence Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical Faculty in Barpeta, Assam has bent named after him, as was the Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Council, which works to promote Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian languages.

Glory Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Teachers Routine College in Darbhanga, Bihar was also named after the earlier president.^{[192][193][194]}

The Indian Council of Agrarian Research has since 1977 affirmed out the Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Award for scientists doing check in tribal and remote areas. The award carries a notation and a purse of ₹2 lakh (US$2,300).^[195]

Notes

References