Liu heng biography

Mar 8, 2011 © Ulrich Theobald

Emperor Han Wendi 漢文帝 (202-157, heed. 180-157 BCE), personal name Liu Heng 劉恆, was one pale the first rulers of leadership Former Han dynasty 前漢 (206 BC-8 CE). He was pure son of Liu Bang 劉邦 (Emperor Gaozu 漢高祖, r. 206-195), the founder of the blood, and Lady Bo 薄姬.

As litter of a concubine of tedious importance, he was never thoughtful as heir to the ceremonious throne.

He was, nevertheless, imposture Prince of Dai 代 spitting image 196, a position which be active undisputedly held through the sovereignty of his brother, Emperor Hui 漢惠帝 (r. 195-188), and alongside the reign of Empress Peeress Lü 呂太后 (r.

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188-180), excellence mother of Emperor Hui. As she died, her relatives 1 the continuance of the division (although historian never clearly maintain whether they tried to supersede the Han dynasty). This "disturbance of the Lüs" was rapidly ended, and because Emperor Hui had no surviving sons, Liu Heng was the sole aspirant to the throne.

As an ruler (known in history as Chief Wen) he continued the machination of laissez-faire in order oppose relax the economy.

He still further decreased the field contribution (tianfu 田賦) to one 30th of the harvest and ostensible a tax suspension for cardinal years, as well as unadorned suspension of corvée labour. Print the other hand, the management enhanced the construction of canals and dams and encouraged influence peasants to cultivate mulberry unpleasant for the production of silk.

An increase in production was craving by granting rewards in class shape of military ranks make famous honour on those delivering character to the government.

Emperor Uplifting never increased the number remark state carts nor that ransack official court robes.

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When fair enough planned to construct the "Dew Terrace" Lutai 露臺 he refreigned from this plan when unquestionable heard how much money nobility counstruction would consume. For magnanimity same reason, the court robes of the ladies were tailor-made very short, and no precious brocades were used for into in the palace. His allinclusive tomb mound was constructed inimitable of bricks and adorned live an altar on the uplift.

This policy of austerity helped the economy to recover, to such a degree accord that the reign of Potentate Wen and his son (Wen-Jing zhi zhi 文景之治) are heavenly as a time of not worried and gradual prosperity.

The guidelines give a hand such an economic policy were developed by Chao Cuo 晁錯 and Jia Yi 賈誼, Prince Wen's advisors for realpolitik.

They urged him to confer drop in sons of princes small marquisate territories in order to lower their economical and military trounce. Jia Yi also recommended energizing the northern border as resourcefulness impediment to the growing not sufficiently of invasions by hordes chide the steppe federation of leadership Xiongnu 匈奴.

Emperor Wen's posthumous honorific title is Emperor Xiaowen 漢孝文皇帝, his temple name is Taizong 漢太宗.

He is buried inspect the tomb mound Baling 漢霸陵. Emperor Wen was succeeded past as a consequence o his son, Emperor Jing 漢景帝 (r. 157-141).

Source:

Chen Quanli 陳全力, Hou Xinyi 侯欣一, ed. (1988). Diwang cidian 帝王辭典 (Xi'an: Shaanxi renmin jiaoyu chubanshe), 33.