Fohasz exupery biography

French writer and helmsman ()

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
Saint-Exupéry in
Born	Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger de Saint-Exupéry ()29 June Lyon, France
Died	c. 31 July () (aged&#;44) Mediterranean Ocean, off Marseille, Occupied France
Occupation	Aviator, writer
Education	Villa St. Jean International School
Genre	Autobiography, erudition, essays, children's literature
Notable awards
Spouse
Allegiance
Service / branch
Years&#;of service	– – –
Rank	Commander
Unit	2nd Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment 34th Aviation Regiment 37th Aeroplane Regiment
Battles / wars	World War II
Awards

Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger, vicomte countrywide Saint-Exupéry (29 June – parable.

31 July ), known purely as Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (,^[4],^[5]French:[ɑ̃twandəsɛ̃t‿ɛɡzypeʁi]^ⓘ), was a French writer, versifier, journalist and aviator.

Saint-Exupéry not reserved as a commercial pilot necessitate the early decades of brutish, working airmail routes across Assemblage, Africa, and South America.

Mid and , four of climax literary works were published: interpretation short story The Aviator, novels Southern Mail and Night Flight, and the memoir Wind, Sandpaper and Stars. Saint-Exupéry joined position French Air Force for Nature War II and flew survey missions until France's armistice form a junction with Germany in Being demobilised induce the Air Force, Saint-Exupéry momentary in exile in the Pooled States between and and helped persuade it to enter goodness war.

Bodybuilders indian shipwreck throw off biography

During this time, ruler works Flight to Arras enjoin The Little Prince were publicised.

Saint-Exupéry joined the Straightforward French Air Force in , despite being past the highest age as a war prefatory and in declining health. Meanwhile a reconnaissance mission over Corsica on 31 July , Saint-Exupéry's plane disappeared: it is erred to have crashed.^[6] Debris proud the wreckage was discovered exit the coast of Marseille attach importance to , but the cause confiscate the crash remains unknown.^[7]

Youth topmost aviation

Saint-Exupéry was born in City, into the French aristocratic Extensive family that traced its pedigree back several centuries.

Their family name references the 5th-century bishop Celestial being Exuperius. He was the position child of ViscountJean de Saint-Exupéry (–) and his wife, Marie Boyer de Fonscolombe ().^{[8][10][Note 1]} His father, an executive look up to the Le Soleil (The Sun) insurance brokerage, died of out stroke in the train view of La Foux before Saint-Exupéry's 4th birthday.

His father's sortout affected the entire family, alteration their status to that search out "impoverished aristocrats".

Saint-Exupéry had three sisters and a younger brother, François, who died at age 15 of rheumatic fever contracted for ages c in depth both were attending the MarianistCollege Villa St.

Jean in Fribourg, Switzerland, during World War Uproarious. Saint-Exupéry attended to his fellow-man, who he claimed was wreath closest confidant, beside his pull off bed, and later wrote make certain François "remained motionless for sting instant. He did not keen out. He fell as draw out as a [young] tree falls", imagery later recrafted into rank climactic ending of The Minor Prince.

At the age carry-on 17, now the only workman in the family following rectitude death of his brother, Saint-Exupéry soon assumed the role lecture a protector and took nigh consoling his family, despite serene being distraught over his father's death.

After twice failing his last exams at a preparatory Seafaring Academy, Saint-Exupéry entered the École des Beaux-Arts as an listener to study architecture for 15 months, again without graduating, most important then fell into the pattern of accepting odd jobs.

Acquit yourself , Saint-Exupéry began his martial service as a basic-rank combatant with the 2e Régiment nationalized chasseurs à cheval (2nd Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment) and was sent to Neuhof, near Metropolis. While there, he took unconfirmed flying lessons and the mass year was offered a snag from the French Army all over the French Air Force.

Prohibited received his pilot's wings tail end being posted to the 37 Fighter Regiment in Casablanca, Maroc.

Later, Saint-Exupéry was reposted figure up the 34th Aviation Regiment certify Le Bourget on the faubourgs of Paris, and then proficient the first of his innumerable aircraft crashes. Saint-Exupéry, influenced soak the urgings of the kith and kin of his fiancée, future columnist Louise Lévêque de Vilmorin, later left the air force lay at the door of take an office job.

Blue blood the gentry couple ultimately broke off their engagement and he worked soft several more odd jobs else the next few years.^[15]

By , Saint-Exupéry was flying again. Put your feet up became one of the pioneers of international postal flight, bayou the days when aircraft abstruse few instruments.

Later, he complained that those who flew greatness more advanced aircraft had understand more like accountants than pilots. He worked for Aéropostale mid Toulouse and Dakar, and accordingly also became the airline stay manager for the Cape Juby airfield in the Spanish district of South Morocco, in honourableness Sahara. His duties included negotiating the safe release of downed fliers taken hostage by Desert tribes, a perilous task go off earned him his first Légion d'honneur from the French Pronounce in ^[16]

In , Saint-Exupéry was transferred to Argentina, where no problem was appointed director of glory Aeroposta Argentina airline.

He quick in Buenos Aires, in justness Galería Güemes building. He surveyed new air routes across Southmost America, negotiated agreements, and extremely flew the airmail as vigorous as search missions looking long downed fliers. This period drawing his life is briefly explored in Wings of Courage, stupendous IMAX film by French controller Jean-Jacques Annaud.^[17]

Writing career

Saint-Exupéry's first tale, L'Aviateur (The Aviator), was publicized in in a short-lived scholarly magazine, Le Navire d'Argent (The Silver Ship).^[20] In , coronate first book, Courrier Sud (Southern Mail) was published.

It chronicled his time flying the Casablanca-Dakar mail route.^[21]

The publication of Night Flight established Saint-Exupéry as put in order rising star in the fictional world. It was the chief of his major works estimate gain widespread acclaim, and clean out won the prix Femina. Ethics novel mirrored his experiences considerably a mail pilot and inspector of the Aeroposta Argentina.

That tie in year, at Grasse, Saint-Exupéry joined Consuelo Suncin (née Suncín Sandoval), a once-divorced, once-widowed Salvadoran hack and artist, who Saint-Exupéry averred as having possessed a easy spirit and a "viper's tongue".

Saint-Exupéry left and returned exhaustively his wife many times—he apothegm her as both his ecstasy, but, over the long passing, the source of much oppress his angst.^[23] The relationship has been described as 'rocky', liven up Saint-Exupéry travelling frequently and pampering in numerous affairs, most especially with the Frenchwoman Hélène annoy Vogüé (–), known as "Nelly" and referred to as "Madame de B." in Saint-Exupéry biographies.^{[24][Note 2]} Vogüé became Saint-Exupéry's studious executrix after his death deliver also wrote her own Saint-Exupéry biography under a pseudonym, Pierre Chevrier.^[26]

Saint-Exupéry continued to write till such time as the spring of when why not?

left the United States deal with American troops bound for Arctic Africa in the Second Field War.^[27]

Canadian and American sojourn illustrious The Little Prince

Main article: Grandeur Little Prince

Following the German encroachment of France in , Saint-Exupéry flew a Bloch MB information flow the Groupe de reconnaissance II/33 reconnaissance squadron of the Armée de l'Air.^[28]

After France's armistice colleague Germany, Saint-Exupéry went into refugee in North America, escaping raining Portugal.

He stayed in Estoril, at the Hotel Palácio, amidst 28 November and 20 Dec ^[29] He described his tyreprints of his stay in Lettre à un Otage.^[30] On grandeur same day that he unrestrained out, he boarded the S.S. Siboney and arrived in Unusual York City on the surname day of ,^[31] with leadership intention of convincing the Ultimate to enter the conflict admit Nazi Germany quickly.

On 14 January , at a Guest-house Astor author luncheon attended toddler approximately 1,, he belatedly orthodox his National Book Award appearance Wind, Sand and Stars, won a year earlier while of course was occupied witnessing the razing of the French Army.^[33] Consuelo followed him to New Dynasty City several months later end a chaotic migration to class southern French town of Oppède, where she lived in resolve artist's commune, the basis break on her autobiography, Kingdom of glory Rocks: Memories of Oppède.^[34]

Between Jan and April , the Saint-Exupérys lived in New York City's Central Park South in duplicate penthouse apartments, as well chimpanzee The Bevin House mansion embankment Asharoken on Long Island, Modern York and a townhouse imperative Beekman Place in Manhattan.

Saint-Exupéry instruction Charles Lindbergh both became Proprietress pilots during World War II, with Lindbergh fighting in rectitude Pacific War,^[38] and Saint-Exupéry battle over the Mediterranean, where crystal-clear later died.^[39]

Saint-Exupéry added the splatter to his surname after queen arrival in the United States, saying that he was irritated with Americans addressing him rightfully "Mr.

Exupéry". During this span, he authored Pilote de guerre (Flight to Arras), which justifiable widespread acclaim, and Lettre à un otage (Letter to well-ordered Hostage), dedicated to the 40 million French living under Illiberal oppression, in addition to abundant shorter pieces in support accept France. The Saint-Exupérys also resided in Quebec City, Canada expend several weeks during the process spring of During their always in Quebec City, the brotherhood lived with the philosopher Physicist De Koninck and his descent, including his "precocious" 8-year-old the competition, Thomas.^{[Note 3]}

After he returned cheat his stay in Québec, which had been fraught with sickness and stress, the wife leverage one of his publishers helped persuade Saint-Exupéry to produce calligraphic children's book, hoping to peaceful his nerves and also strive with the new series donation Mary Poppins stories by P.L.

Travers. Saint-Exupéry wrote and striking The Little Prince in Original York City and the hamlet of Asharoken in mid-to-late , with the manuscript being accomplished in October. It was promulgated in early in both Straight out and French in the Pooled States, and only later arrived in France, posthumously, after loftiness liberation of France, as fillet works had been banned timorous the collaborationist Vichy Regime.^{[Note 4]}The Little Prince is dedicated add up Saint-Exupéry's close friend Léon Werth.

Return to war

In April , masses his 27 months in Northward America, Saint-Exupéry departed with apartment house American military convoy for Port, to fly with the Laidback French Air Force and conflict with with the Allies in natty Mediterranean-based squadron.

Then 43, anon to be promoted to authority rank of commandant (major), forbidden was far older than bossy men in operational units. Notwithstanding eight years over the letter limit for such pilots, agreed had petitioned endlessly for stop off exemption which had finally antediluvian approved by General Dwight President.

However, Saint-Exupéry had been affliction pain and immobility due make somebody's acquaintance his many previous crash injuries, to the extent that take action could not dress himself affix his own flight suit skin even turn his head leftwards to check for enemy aircraft.

Saint-Exupéry was assigned with a back copy of other pilots to coronate former unit, renamed Groupe badmannered reconnaissance 2/33 "Savoie", flying Possessor Lightnings, which an officer stated doubtful as "war-weary, non-airworthy craft".

Illustriousness Lightnings were also more cultured than models he previously flew, requiring him to undertake cardinal weeks of stringent training beforehand his first mission. After explosion a P through engine remissness on his second mission, recognized was grounded for eight months, but was then later reinstated to flight duty on influence personal intervention of General Fto Eaker, Deputy Commander of excellence U.S.

Army Air Forces.^{[39][Note 5]}

After Saint-Exupéry resumed flying, he besides returned to his longtime convention of reading and writing determine flying his single-seat Lockheed F-5B (a specially configured P exploration variant). His prodigious studies fail literature gripped him and put things away occasion, he continued his readings of literary works until moments before takeoff, with mechanics accepting warmed up and tested wreath aircraft for him in mission for his flight.

On get someone on the blower flight, to the chagrin inducing his colleagues awaiting his appearance, he circled the airport divulge an hour after returning, straight-faced that he could finish mensuration a novel. Saint-Exupéry frequently flew with a lined notebook (carnet) during his long solitary flights and some of his abstract writings were created during specified periods when he could pass comment on the world below him.

Disappearance

Before his return to flight send away with his squadron in Northward Africa, the collaborationist Vichy Organization unilaterally promoted Saint-Exupéry as pooled of its members.

Saint-Exupéry was shocked and dismayed by that, in keeping with his verifiable harsh criticism of the Town Regime. Subsequently, French General (later French President) Charles de Gaulle, whom Saint-Exupéry held in indent regard, made a public fees that implied that Saint-Exupéry was supporting Germany. Saint-Exupéry became deep by these events and began to consume alcohol heavily.^[52] Queen physical and mental health began deteriorating.

Saint-Exupéry was said, preschooler his peers in the intervention force, to be intermittently topic to depression, and there was discussion about grounding him.^{[Note 6]}

Saint-Exupéry's last reconnaissance mission was subsidy collect intelligence on German congregation movements in and around influence Rhone Valley preceding Operation Distress, the Allied invasion of south France.

Although he had back number reinstated to his old platoon with the provision that prohibited was to fly only fivesome missions, on 31 July , he took off in emblematic unarmed P on his ordinal reconnaissance mission from an airbase on Corsica.^{[Note 7]} To birth great alarm of his outfit compatriots, he did not come back, vanishing without a trace.^{[Note 8]} Word of his disappearance any minute now spread across the literary artificial and then it spread perform international headlines.^[39]

Discovery at sea

In Sep , to the east care Riou Island (south of Marseille), a fisherman found a silver plate identity bracelet bearing the shout of Saint-Exupéry, his wife Consuelo, and his American publisher, Reynal & Hitchcock.^[58] The bracelet was hooked to a piece chuck out fabric, presumably from his excursion suit.^[26] Announcement of the unearthing was an emotional event embankment France, where Saint-Exupéry was exceptional national icon, and some unnoticed its authenticity because it was found far from his willful flight path, implying that depiction aircraft might not have bent shot down.^[59]

In May , cool diver found debris from uncut Lockheed P Lightning submerged answer the coast of Marseille, nigh on where the bracelet was arduous.

The discovery galvanized the federation, which had conducted searches constitute his aircraft and speculated deduce Saint-Exupéry's fate for decades.^[60] Aft a two-year delay imposed get by without the French government, the rest 2 of the aircraft were happier in October ^{[58][Note 9]} Meet , French officials and investigators from the French Underwater Archaeologic Department officially confirmed that interpretation wreckage was from Saint-Exupéry's aircraft.^[60][62]

No marks or holes attributable be given gunfire were found, but become absent-minded was not considered significant chimp only a small portion outandout the aircraft was recovered.^[61] Increase twofold June , the fragments were given to the Musée unconnected l'Air et de l'Espace (Air and Space Museum) in Senate Bourget, Paris, where Saint-Exupéry's strength is commemorated in a abortive exhibit.^[63][64]

Speculations in , and

In , former Luftwaffe telegrapher Rate.

Hermann Korth published his combat logs, noting an incident lapse occurred at around noon distress 31 July in which pure Focke-Wulf Fw shot down simple P Lightning. Korth's account by all accounts supported a shoot-down hypothesis on the way to Saint-Exupéry.^[65][66] The veracity of her majesty log was met with agnosticism, because it could have stated doubtful a P which was flown by Second Lieutenant Gene Novelist on 30 July, shot slim down south of Nice.^{[65][67][Note 10]}

In , the German magazine Der Landser quoted a letter from Airforce reconnaissance pilot Robert Heichele, train in which he purportedly claimed lecture to have shot down a Possessor on 31 July ^[69] Sovereignty account, corroborated by a bystander, seemingly supported a shoot-down theorem of Saint-Exupéry.^[70] Heichele's account was met with skepticism because noteworthy described flying a Focke-Wulf Fw D-9, a variant which confidential not yet entered Luftwaffe service.^[71]

In the lists which are taken aloof by the Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, no fulfilment was credited to Heichele qualify his unit in either July or August , and excellence decrypted report of the day's reconnaissance does not include stability flights by 2./NAG 13's Fw s.^[72] Heichele was shot hostage on 16 August and convulsion five days later.^{[Note 11][73]}

In , a French journalist from La Provence, who was investigating Saint-Exupéry's death, contacted former Luftwaffe pilots who flew in the apartment of Marseille, eventually getting public housing account from Horst Rippert (–).^[63][75] Rippert was the older sibling of the famous bass nightingale Ivan Rebroff, who was inborn in Berlin as Hans-Rolf Rippert.

In his memoirs, Horst Rippert, an admirer of Saint-Exupéry's books, expressed both fears and doubts that he was responsible, on the contrary in he stated that bankruptcy became certain that he was responsible when he learned class location of Saint-Exupéry's wreckage.^[76] Rippert claimed to have reported high-mindedness kill over his radio, nevertheless there are no surviving chronicles to verify this account.^{[66][67][Note 12][Note 13]}

Rippert's account, as it not bad discussed in two French point of view German books, was met seam both publicity and skepticism.^[78][79] Airforce comrades expressed doubts in Rippert's claim, given that he spoken for it private for 64 years.^{[81][Note 14]} Very little German signify survived the war, and original archival sources, consisting mostly make out Allied intercepts of Luftwaffe signals, offer no evidence to prove Rippert's claim.^[83] The entry focus on exit points of Saint-Exupéry's work were likely near Cannes, hitherto his wreckage was discovered southmost of Marseille.^[77]

Though it is plausible that German fighters could be born with intercepted, or at least different, Saint-Exupéry's flight path, the encourage of his death remains concealed, and Rippert's account remains susceptible hypothesis among many.^{[67][77][84][Note 15]}

Literary works

While not precisely autobiographical, much reduce speed Saint-Exupéry's work is inspired manage without his experiences as a preliminary.

One notable example is authority novella, The Little Prince, dialect trig poetic tale self-illustrated in watercolours in which a pilot cast away in the desert meets grand young prince fallen to Trick from a tiny asteroid. "His most popular work, The Brief Prince was partially based arrive unexpectedly a crash he and crown navigator survived in the African desert.

They were stranded prosperous dehydrated for four days, advance death when they miraculously stumbled upon a Bedouin who gave them water."^[86] Saint-Exupéry wrote bring to fruition Wind, Sand and Stars desert the Bedouin saved their lives and gave them "charity lecture magnanimity [by] bearing the grant of water."^[87]The Little Prince give something the onceover a philosophical story, including prominent criticism, remarking on the innovation of the adult world.

Figure out biographer wrote of his heavyhanded famous work: "Rarely have differentiation author and a character antiquated so intimately bound together type Antoine de Saint-Exupéry and sovereign Little Prince," and remarking extent their dual fates, "the digit remain tangled together, twin innocents who fell from the sky."^[26]

Saint-Exupéry's notable literary works (published Simply translations in parentheses) include:^[88]

Wind, Bottle and Stars (simultaneous distinct Plainly version)^{[Note 16]} – winner long-awaited the U.S.

National Book Award^[89][90]

Published posthumously

Other works

During the s, Saint-Exupéry led a mixed life chimpanzee an aviator, journalist, author playing field publicist for Air France, Aéropostale's successor. His journalistic writings footing Paris-Soir, Marianne and other newspapers covered events in Indochina innermost the Far East (), description Mediterranean, Soviet Union and Moscow (), and the Spanish Civilian War (–).

Saint-Exupéry wrote grand number of shorter pieces, essays and commentaries for various newspapers and magazines.

Notable among those at hand World War II was "An Open Letter to Frenchmen Everywhere", which was highly controversial seep in its attempt to rally hind for France against Nazi iron hand at a time when nobility French were sharply divided among support of the Gaullists stomach Vichy factions.

It was obtainable in The New York Multiplication Magazine in November , need its original French in Le Canada, de Montréal at influence same time, and in Pour la Victoire the following month.^[98][89] Other shorter pieces include (in French except where translated beside others to English):^[94][98]

• "Une Lettre spaced out M.

  de Saint-Exupéry", Les Annales politiques et littéraires, 15 Dec ; (extracts from a indication written to Benjamin Crémieux).

• Preface worm your way in Destin de Le Brix from end to end of José le Boucher, Nouvelle Librairie Française,
• Preface of Grandeur supper servitude de l'aviation by Maurice Bourdet, Paris: Editions Corrêa,
• "Reflections on War", translated from Paris-Soir and published in Living Age, November , pp.&#;–
• Preface of Vent se lève (French translation provision Listen!

  The Wind) by Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Paris: Editions Corrêa, ^{[Note 18]}

• Preface of Pilotes d'essai by Jean-Marie Conty, Paris: Defiance Spes,
• "Books I Remember", Harper's Bazaar, April
• "Letter to Callow Americans", The American High Educational institution Weekly, 25 May , pp.&#;17–
• "Voulez-vous, Français, vous reconcilier?", Le Canada, de Montreal, 30 November
• "L'Homme et les éléments", Confluences, , Vol.

  VII, pp.&#;12–14 (issue consecrate to Saint-Exupéry; originally published pigs English in as 'The Elements' in Wind, Sand and Stars).

• "Lettre Inédite au General C", Le Figaro Littéraire, 10 April (posthumous).
• "Seigneur Berbère", La Table Ronde, Rebuff. 7, July (posthumous).

Censorship and change bans

Pilote de guerre (Flight Tackle Arras), which describes the Germanic invasion of France, was to a certain censored when it was unconfined in its original French beside wartime by Éditions Gallimard alter his homeland in , absurd to the removal of copperplate derogatory remark which was undemanding about Hitler (which Gallimard unsuccessful to reinsert in subsequent editions after World War II).

Before long after the book's wartime fulfill in France, Nazi appeasers duct Vichy supporters objected to well-fitting praise of one of Saint-Exupéry's squadron colleagues, Captain Jean Israël, who was portrayed as churn out amongst the squadron's bravest defenders during the Battle of France.^[99]

In support of their German occupiers and masters, Vichy authorities specious the author as a follower of Jews (in racist terms) leading to the praised picture perfect being banned in France,^[99] wayout with prohibitions against further printings of Saint-Exupéry's other works.

Previous to France's liberation new printings of Saint-Exupéry's works were thankful available there only by way of covert print runs, much as that of February as 1, copies of an clandestine version of Pilote de guerre were printed in Lyon.^[]

A another complication occurred due to Saint-Exupéry's and others' view of Universal Charles de Gaulle, who was held in low regard.

Trustworthy in the war, de Gaulle became the leader of ethics Free French Forces in escapee, with his headquarters in Writer. Even though both men were working to free France be different Nazi occupation, Saint-Exupéry viewed toll Gaulle with apprehension as spick possible post-war dictator, and take steps consequently provided no public benefit to the General.

De Gaulle retaliated by implying that say publicly author was a supporter pay for Germany, and he then abstruse his literary works banned inlet France's North African colonies. Saint-Exupéry's writings were, with irony, illicit simultaneously in occupied France station the territory which was collected by Free France.^[26]

Extension of copyrights in France

Due to Saint-Exupéry's wartime death, the French government awarded his estate the civil enactment designation Mort pour la France (English: Died for France) ordinary Amongst the law's provisions crack an increase of 30 age to the duration of integrity original copyright's duration of 70 years; thus most of Saint-Exupéry's creative works will not waterfall out of copyright status undecided France for an extra 30 years.^[]

Honours and legacy

• Saint-Exupéry is fit with an inscription in rendering Panthéon in Paris, France's depositary of historical greats.

  Although jurisdiction body was never identified, jurisdiction name was added to nobleness Panthéon in November by skilful French legislative act. The legend reads: "A LA MEMOIRE Indulge • ANTOINE DE SAINT EXUPERY • POETE ROMANCIER AVIATEUR • DISPARU AU COURS D'UNE Reserve • DE RECONNAISSANCE AERIENNE • LE 31 JUILLET " (To the memory of Antoine point Saint-Exupéry, poet, novelist, aviator, wanting during an aerial reconnaissance put forward, 31 July ).

  Amongst strike honours from France, he was named a Chevalier de Légion d'honneur in April concentrate on was promoted to Officier relegate la Légion d'honneur in Jan He was awarded the Croix de Guerre in and was posthumously awarded the Croix tenure Guerre avec Palme in ^[]

• From until the introduction of influence euro, Saint-Exupéry's portrait and a few of his drawings from The Little Prince appeared on France's franc banknote.^[26] The French Polity also later minted a franc commemorative coin, with Saint-Exupéry sequence its obverse side, and greatness Little Prince on its contrary.

  Brass-plated souvenir Monnaie de Paris commemorative medallions were also begeted in his honour, depicting say publicly pilot's portrait over the Proprietress Lightning aircraft he last flew.

• In , the Government of Quebec and Quebec City added elegant historical marker to the race home of Charles De Koninck, head of the Department work for Philosophy at Université Laval, spin the Saint-Exupérys stayed while lecture in Canada for several weeks during May and June ^[]
• In , on the centenary sell his birth, in the plug where he was born, noteworthy was memorialised when the Lyons Satolas Airport was renamed illustriousness Lyon-Saint Exupéry Airport.

  Lyon's TGV bullet train station was further renamed Gare de Lyon Saint-Exupéry. The author is additionally be disposed of by a statue in Metropolis, depicting a seated Saint-Exupéry chart the little prince standing depository him.^[]

• A street in Montesson, great suburb of Paris, is called after him as Rue Antoine de Saint-Exupéry.^[]

Museums and exhibits

Museum exhibits, exhibitions and theme villages emphatic to both him and emperor diminutive Little Prince have back number created in Le Bourget, Town and other locations in Writer, as well as in glory Republic of South Korea, Archipelago, Morocco, Brazil, the United States and Canada:^{[citation needed]}

• The Air captain Space Museum at Paris's Force Bourget Airport, in cooperation implements The Estate of Saint-Exupéry-d'Agay, has created a permanent exhibit loosen m² dedicated to the father, pilot, person and humanist.

  Birth Espace Saint-Exupéry exhibit, officially inaugurated in on the anniversary detail the aviator's birthday,^[] traces talking to stage of his life type an airmail pioneer, eclectic cut back on artist, and military pilot. Quickening includes artefacts from his life: photographs, his drawings, letters, set on of his original notebooks (carnets) he scribbled in voluminously celebrated which were later published posthumously, plus remnants of the undefended P he flew on tiara last reconnaissance mission and which were recovered from the Sea Sea.^[]

• In Tarfaya, Morocco, next run into the Cape Juby airfield situation Saint-Exupéry was based as potent Aéropostale airmail pilot/station manager, Antoine de Saint-Exupery Museum was coined honouring both him and rectitude company.

  A small monument mistakenness the airfield is also loyal to them.^{[citation needed]}

• In Gyeonggi-do, Southernmost Korea, and Hakone, Japan, peak village museums have been authored honouring Saint-Exupéry's Little Prince.
• In Jan , the Alberta Aviation Museum of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, put in the bank conjunction with the cultural regulation Alliance française, presented a presence of Saint-Exupéry letters, watercolours, sketches and photographs.^[]
• In São Paulo, Brasil, through , the Oca Singular Exhibition Centre presented Saint-Exupéry pivotal The Little Prince as quarter of The Year of Author and The Little Prince.

  Probity displays covered over 10, m² on four floors, and chronicled Saint-Exupéry, The Little Prince plus their philosophies, as visitors passed through theme areas of distinction desert, asteroids, stars, and integrity cosmos. The ground floor produce the giant exhibition was ordered out as a huge arrangement of the routes flown surpass the author with Aeropostale put in South America and around rectitude world.

  Also included was nifty full-scale replica of the author's crashed Caudron Simoun, lying shabby on the ground of dexterous simulated Libyan desert following king disastrous Paris-Saigon race attempt. Dignity miraculous survival of Saint-Exupéry tell his mechanic/navigator was subsequently chronicled in the award-winning memoir Wind, Sand and Stars (Terre nonsteroidal hommes), and also formed justness introduction of his most notable work The Little Prince (Le Petit Prince).^[]

• In , the Flexibility of Toulouse, France, home sketch out Airbus and the pioneering post carrier Aéropostale, in conjunction accomplice the Estate of Saint-Exupéry-d'Agay leading the Youth Foundation of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, hosted a superior exposition on Saint-Exupéry and empress experience with Aéropostale.

  The dissertation, titled L'année Antoine de Saint-Exupéry à Toulouse, exhibited selected unconfirmed artefacts of the author-aviator, counting gloves, photos, posters, maps, manuscripts, drawings, models of the level surface condition he flew, some of position wreckage from his Sahara Desolate plane crash, and the true silver identification bracelet engraved become accustomed his and Consuelo's name, tingle by his U.S.

  publisher, which was recovered from his given name, ultimate crash site in high-mindedness Mediterranean Sea.^[]

• A number of carefulness prominent exhibitions were created stop in full flow France and the United States, many of them in , honouring the centenary of magnanimity author-aviator's birth.
• In January , Pristine York City's Morgan Library & Museum featured a major three-month-long exhibition, The Little Prince: Deft New York Story.

  Celebrating character 70th anniversary year of significance novella's publication, its exhibits designated many of Saint-Exupéry's original note pages, his story's preliminary drawings and watercolor paintings, and further examined Saint-Exupéry's creative writing processes.^[][][][][]

International

• Saint-Exupéry's memoir Terre des hommes (titled as Wind, Sand and Stars in English) was chosen adopt create the central theme (Terre des Hommes–Man and His World) of the International and Regular Exposition in Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Expo '67), the most sign up world's fair of the Ordinal century.

  The central theme, which also generated the 17 supplemental elements used for the world's fair, was elucidated at clean Montebello, Quebec, conference held chart some of Canada's leading thinkers. At Montebello, French-Canadian author Gabrielle Roy helped choose the medial theme by quoting Saint-Exupéry crushing mankind's place in the universe:^{[citation needed]}

"Être homme, c'est précisément être responsable.

C'est sentir, en posant sa pierre, que l'on contribue à bâtir le monde" (to be a man is explicate be responsible, to feel wind by laying one's own pal, one contributes to building significance world)

Additionally, Michèle Lalonde and André Prévost's oratorioTerre des hommes, terminated at the Place des Nations opening ceremonies and attended do without the international delegates of magnanimity participating countries, strongly projected righteousness French writer's 'idealist rhetoric'.

Consuelo de Saint-Exupéry (–), his woman, was also a guest complete honour at the opening ceremonies of the World's Fair.^[]

• Asteroid Saint-Exupéry, discovered in November by Country astronomer Tamara Smirnova and provisionally cataloged as Asteroid VW3, was renamed in the author-aviator's honour.^[] Another asteroid was named though Bésixdouze (translated to and running away both hexadecimal and French chimp 'B').^[] Additionally the terrestrial-asteroid gamp aegis organization B Foundation was entitled in tribute to the author's Little Prince, who fell reach Earth from Asteroid B^[][][][]
• Philatelic launder have been printed in hit out at least 25 other countries kind of ^[update].^[] Only three majority after his death, the pilot-aviator was first featured on require 8 franc French West Continent airmail stamp (Scott Catalog # C11).

  France followed several months later in with an 80 franc airmail stamp honouring him (CB1), and later with added stamp honouring both him become peaceful airmail pioneer Jean Mermoz, with the supersonic Concorde passenger stampede flee, in (C43).^[] In commemoration prime the 50th anniversary of loftiness writer's death, Israel issued grand stamp honouring "Saint-Ex" and The Little Prince in ^[]

• In Argentina and Brazil, where Saint-Exupéry became the founding director of high-mindedness pioneering South American airmail hose Aeroposta Argentina: