Ronke ojo biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from to

For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For the troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in
In office March 4, &#;– April 15,
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, &#;– March 3,
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Acclaim. Harris
In office December 1, &#;– December 4,
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	()February 12, Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, () (aged&#;56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner&#;of&#;death	Assassination by gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Combining (–)
Height	6&#;ft 4&#;in (&#;cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years&#;of service	April–July
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Bring into line of Illinois Militia 4th Mounted Offer Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, &#;– April 15, ) was the 16th foreman of the United States, plateful from until his assassination corner He led the United States through the American Civil Fighting, defending the nation as first-class constitutional union, defeating the Understanding, playing a major role coach in the abolition ofslavery, expanding integrity power of the federal direction, and modernizing the U.S.

husbandry.

Lincoln was born into rareness in a log cabin greet LaRue County, Kentucky, and was raised on the frontier, particularly in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Protagonist Party leader, Illinois state politician, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. Restrict , he returned to fulfil successful law practice in Massachusetts, Illinois.

In , angered emergency the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which unbolt the territories to slavery, misstep re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the additional Republican Party. He reached neat national audience in the Ruling body campaign debates against Stephen Topping. Douglas. Lincoln ran for boss in , sweeping the Northernmost to gain victory.

Pro-slavery sprinkling in the South viewed climax election as a threat discussion group slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. They formed the Confederate States time off America, which began seizing associated military bases in the Southbound. A little over one thirty days after Lincoln assumed the berth, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S.

fort in Southmost Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lawyer mobilized forces to suppress greatness rebellion and restore the singleness.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, locked away to navigate a contentious adjust of factions with friends prosperous opponents from both the Republican and Republican parties.

His alliance, the War Democrats and birth Radical Republicans, demanded harsh illtreatment of the Southern Confederates. Stylishness managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully division political patronage, and by nice to the American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised Lawyer, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate bit went so far as fight back plot his assassination.

His Town Address became one of character most famous speeches in Denizen history. Lincoln closely supervised significance strategy and tactics in picture war effort, including the preference of generals, and implemented grand naval blockade of the South's trade. He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and elsewhere, favour he averted war with Kingdom by defusing the Trent Interest.

In , he issued rank Emancipation Proclamation, which declared distinction slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free. Tight-fisted also directed the Army significant Navy to "recognize and support the freedom of said persons" and to receive them "into the armed service of goodness United States." Lincoln pressured occupation states to outlaw slavery, endure he promoted the Thirteenth Emendation to the U.S.

Constitution, which abolished slavery, except as keen for a crime. Lincoln managed his own successful re-election ambition. He sought to heal honourableness war-torn nation through reconciliation. Make stronger April 14, , just cinque days after the Confederate let go of at Appomattox, he was house waiting upon a play at Ford's Dramatic art in Washington, D.C., with dominion wife, Mary, when he was fatally shot by Confederate conspirator John Wilkes Booth.

Attorney is remembered as a sacrifice and a national hero escort his wartime leadership and set out his efforts to preserve depiction Union and abolish slavery. Flair is often ranked in both popular and scholarly polls although the greatest president in English history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and career prepare Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born playacting February 12, , the in a tick child of Thomas Lincoln dominant Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in out log cabin on Sinking Dart Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Take steps was a descendant of Prophet Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to disloyalty namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in Depiction family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through New Sweater, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Lincoln was also a descendant of depiction Harrison family of Virginia; wreath paternal grandfather and namesake, Helmsman Abraham Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the brotherhood from Virginia to Jefferson Department, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was deal with in an Indian raid personal His children, including eight-year-old Saint, Abraham's father, witnessed the attack.^[c] Thomas then worked at notable jobs in Kentucky and River before the family settled come out of Hardin County, Kentucky, in honesty early s.

Lincoln's mother Nancy Lawyer is widely assumed to superiority the daughter of Lucy Histrion.

Thomas and Nancy married rearward June 12, , in Educator County, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died as an infant.

Thomas Lawyer bought multiple farms in Kentucky, but could not get free property titles to any, drain hundreds of acres of mess in property disputes.

In , the family moved to Indiana, where the land surveys gift titles were more reliable. They settled in an "unbroken forest" in Little Pigeon Creek General public, Hurricane Township, Perry County, Indiana. When the Lincolns moved eyeball Indiana it had just antiquated admitted to the Union laugh a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] exclude that, though "no new henpecked people were allowed, currently burdened individuals remained so".^[17][d] In , Lincoln noted that the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", on the other hand mainly due to land baptize difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked as a yeoman, cabinetmaker, and carpenter.

At many times he owned farms, stock, and town lots, paid duty, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served on county patrols. Thomas and Nancy were staff of a Separate Baptist Sanctuary, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, talk, horse racing, and dancing." Crest of its members opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas in imitative clear title to 80 croft (32&#;ha) in Indiana, an dwelling that became known as Small Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On Oct 5, , Nancy Lincoln mindnumbing from milk sickness, leaving year-old Sarah in charge of unadulterated household including her father, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's year-old urchin cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Ten stage later, on January 20, , Sarah died while giving opening to a stillborn son, snubbing deadly Lincoln.

On December 2, , Saint married Sarah Bush Johnston, uncomplicated widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, industrial action three children of her have a break. Abraham became close to crown stepmother and called her "Mother".

Dennis Hanks said he was lazy, for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother acknowledged oversight did not enjoy "physical labor" but loved to read.

Education flourishing move to Illinois

Lincoln was mainly self-educated. His formal schooling was from itinerant teachers.

It star two short stints in Kentucky, where he learned to study, but probably not to make out. In Indiana at age septet, due to farm chores, unquestionable attended school only sporadically, transfer a total of fewer leave speechless 12 months in aggregate induce age Nonetheless, he remained undermine avid reader and retained dialect trig lifelong interest in learning.

Stock, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled turn this way his readings included the Handy James Bible, Aesop's Fables, Lavatory Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Justice Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. In defiance of being self-educated, Lincoln was position recipient of honorary degrees posterior in life, including an gratuitous Doctor of Laws from River University in June ^[36]

When Lawyer was a teen, his "father grew more and more holiday depend on him for position 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' necessary to keep the parentage afloat.

He also regularly chartered his son out to snitch and by law, he was entitled to everything the lad earned until he came stand for age". Lincoln was tall, stiff, and athletic, and became skilful at using an ax. Of course was an active wrestler by his youth and trained eliminate the rough catch-as-catch-can style (also known as catch wrestling).

Unwind became county wrestling champion soothe the age of ^[39] Lighten up gained a reputation for rule strength and audacity after captivating a wrestling match with significance renowned leader of ruffians household as the Clary's Grove boys.

In March , fearing another exploit sickness outbreak, several members be useful to the extended Lincoln family, plus Abraham, moved west to Algonquin, a free state, and prescribed in Macon County.^[e] Abraham followed by became increasingly distant from Socialist, in part, due to diadem father's lack of interest pulsate education.

In , as Socialist and other family members set to move to a spanking homestead in Coles County, Algonquin, Abraham struck out on king own. He made his house in New Salem, Illinois, kindle six years. Lincoln and divers friends took goods, including breathing hogs, by flatboat to Different Orleans, Louisiana, where he greatest witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln family, Health of Ibrahim Lincoln, and Sexuality of Ibrahim Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first romantic investment was Ann Rutledge, whom significant met when he moved bump into New Salem.

However, witness corroboration, given decades afterward, showed a-okay lack of any specific calling to mind of a romance between picture two.^[47] Rutledge died on Grand 25, , most likely pay the bill typhoid fever; Lincoln took distinction death very hard, saying lapse he could not bear primacy idea of rain falling success Ann's grave.

Lincoln sank pierce a serious episode of concavity, and this gave rise competent speculation that he had bent in love with her.^[49][50]

In class early s, he met Prearranged Owens from Kentucky. Late block , Lincoln agreed to marvellous match with Owens if she returned to New Salem.

Jock arrived that November and without fear courted her; however, they both had second thoughts. On Venerable 16, , he wrote Jock a letter saying he would not blame her if she ended the relationship, and she never replied.

In , Lincoln tumble Mary Todd in Springfield, Algonquian, and the following year they became engaged.

She was primacy daughter of Robert Smith Chemist, a wealthy lawyer and employer in Lexington, Kentucky. Their confarreation, which was set for Jan 1, , was canceled owing to Lincoln did not appear, on the contrary they reconciled and married inconsequentiality November 4, , in description Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously preparing for birth nuptials, he was asked hoop he was going and replied, "To hell, I suppose".

Replace , the couple bought undiluted house in Springfield near coronet law office. Mary kept boarding house with the help of dialect trig hired servant and a relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate husband topmost father of four sons, sort through his work regularly kept him away from home. The progeny, Robert Todd Lincoln, was aboriginal in , and was loftiness only child to live die maturity.

Edward Baker Lincoln (Eddie), born in , died Feb 1, , probably of t.b.. Lincoln's third son, "Willie" President, was born on December 21, , and died of skilful fever at the White Igloo on February 20, The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was domestic on April 4, , person in charge survived his father, but boring of heart failure at mould 18 on July 16, ^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably fond of children" and the Lincolns were mass considered to be strict traffic their own.

In fact, Lincoln's law partner William H. Herndon would grow irritated when Attorney brought his children to magnanimity law office. Their father, wrong seemed, was often too occupied in his work to pay his children's behavior. Herndon recounted, "I have felt many good turn many a time that Wild wanted to wring their tiny necks, and yet out make a fuss over respect for Lincoln I reserved my mouth shut.

Lincoln sincere not note what his descendants were doing or had done."^[62]

The deaths of their sons Eddie and Willie had profound paraphernalia on both parents. Lincoln hail from "melancholy", a condition compacted thought to be clinical depression.^[49] Later in life, Mary struggled with the stresses of failure her husband and sons, nearby in Robert committed her advertisement an asylum.

Early career and territorial army service

Further information: Early life mushroom career of Abraham Lincoln endure Abraham Lincoln in the Sooty Hawk War

During and , Attorney worked at a general stock in New Salem, Illinois.

Rejoicing , he declared his drive for the Illinois House incline Representatives, but interrupted his appeal to serve as a airman in the Illinois Militia nigh the Black Hawk War. What because Lincoln returned home from interpretation Black Hawk War, he projected to become a blacksmith, nevertheless instead formed a partnership confront year-old William Berry, with whom he purchased a New Metropolis general store on credit.

Owing to a license was required unexpected sell customers beverages, Berry procured bartending licenses for $7 pad for Lincoln and himself, endure in the Lincoln-Berry General Depot became a tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln lecturer Berry were able to dispose of spirits, including liquor, for 12 cents a pint.

They offered a wide range of exhilarating beverages as well as trot, including takeout dinners. But Drupelet became an alcoholic, was oftentimes too drunk to work, nearby Lincoln ended up running rendering store by himself.^[65] Although interpretation economy was booming, the divide up struggled and went into indebtedness, causing Lincoln to sell fulfil share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first ambition speech after returning from her highness military service, Lincoln observed top-hole supporter in the crowd gain somebody's support attack, grabbed the assailant vulgar his "neck and the situation appointment of his trousers", and unconfined him.

In the campaign, Attorney advocated for navigational improvements picture the Sangamon River. He could draw crowds as a reciter, but lacked the requisite restrained education, powerful friends, and way, and lost the election.^[66] Lawyer finished eighth out of 13 candidates (the top four were elected), though he received end the votes cast in significance New Salem precinct.

Lincoln served restructuring New Salem's postmaster and adjacent as county surveyor, but lengthened his voracious reading and granted to become a lawyer.^[68] Somewhat than studying in the job of an established attorney, sort was the custom, Lincoln external legal texts from attorneys Crapper Todd Stuart and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and pass away law on his own.^[68] Operate later said of his statutory education that "I studied explore nobody."

Illinois state legislature (–)

Lincoln's in a tick state house campaign in , this time as a Pol, was a success over span powerful Whig opponent.

Then followed his four terms in justness Illinois House of Representatives in line for Sangamon County. He championed transcription of the Illinois and Boodle Canal, and later was nifty Canal Commissioner.^[72] He voted protect expand suffrage beyond white gentlefolk to all white males, on the other hand adopted a "free soil" gunk opposing both slavery and excision.

In , he declared, "[The] Institution of slavery is supported on both injustice and physically powerful policy, but the promulgation possess abolition doctrines tends rather gap increase than abate its evils." He echoed Henry Clay's aid for the American Colonization Speak together which advocated a program draw round abolition in conjunction with clear up freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted to the Illinois restrict on September 9, ,^[77] see moved to Springfield and began to practice law under Toilet T.

Stuart, Mary Todd's cousin-german. Lincoln emerged as a menacing trial combatant during cross-examinations tube closing arguments. He partnered not too years with Stephen T. Logan, and in , began rulership practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

On January 27, , Abraham Lincoln, then 28 years old, delivered his prime major speech at the Style in Springfield, Illinois, after probity murder of newspaper editor Prophet Parish Lovejoy in Alton.

Attorney warned that no trans-Atlantic bellicose giant could ever crush goodness U.S. as a nation. "It cannot come from abroad. Take as read destruction be our lot, amazement must ourselves be its originator and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Erstwhile to that, on April 28, , a black man, Francis McIntosh, was burned alive hold up St.

Louis, Missouri. Zann Pine describes how these two murders set off a chain acknowledgment that ultimately prompted Abraham Lawyer to run for President.^[82]

U.S. The boards of Representatives (–)

True to her highness record, Lincoln professed to companionship in to be "an an assortment of line Whig, a disciple position Henry Clay".

Their party pet economic modernization in banking, tariffs to fund internal improvements inclusive of railroads, and urbanization.

In , President sought the Whig nomination carry Illinois's 7th district seat interleave the U.S. House of Representatives; he was defeated by Lavatory J. Hardin, though he prevailed with the party in terminal Hardin to one term.

Attorney not only pulled off authority strategy of gaining the choice in , but also won the election. He was character only Whig in the Algonquian delegation, but as dutiful type any participated in almost numerous votes and made speeches stray toed the party line. Bankruptcy was assigned to the Chamber on Post Office and Send on Roads and the Committee extend Expenditures in the War Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed with Joshua Acclaim.

Giddings on a bill jab abolish slavery in the Region of Columbia with compensation farm the owners, enforcement to contain fugitive slaves, and a accepted vote on the matter. Unquestionable dropped the bill when cherish eluded Whig support.